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戊戌间,康有为欲变法以救中国。然而,其对君主专制的批判使儒学的合法性受到质疑。因此,康有为借鉴了基督教的某些理论与仪式,试图从理论与实践上将儒学建立为宗教。这种努力不仅是出于变法的需要而保全儒学,他试图通过对儒学的重建阐释,使儒学能够在现代社会依然发挥普遍的作用,甚至能够融摄西方文明的基本内涵。袁氏帝制与张勋复辟的相继失败,以及康氏晚年目睹北洋政府的覆灭,儒学承担政治功能的一线希望亦最终破灭,此后八十余年间,继之而起的新儒学主要将儒学复兴的希望寄托于道德教化方面。本文主要论述了康有为如何从理论上完成儒学建立为宗教的努力,以及孔教与其它宗教的关系。
Wu Xu, Kang Youwei want to change the law to save China. However, its critique of monarchical autocracy has challenged the legitimacy of Confucianism. Therefore, Kang Youwei borrowed some theories and rituals from Christianity and attempted to establish Confucianism as religion from theory and practice. This effort not only preserves Confucianism for the sake of changing law, but tries to make Confucianism still play a universal role in modern society through the reconstruction and interpretation of Confucianism, and even can melt the basic connotation of Western civilization. Yuan’s imperialism and Zhang Xun’s restoration failed, and Kang’s later years witnessed the collapse of the Beiyang government. The hope of Confucianism in undertaking political functions also finally burst. After 80 years, Neo-Confucianism, which followed, mainly revived Confucianism The hope is placed on moral education. This article mainly discusses how Kang Youwei has done the Confucianism as a religion in theory and the relationship between Confucianism and other religions.