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目的了解某中小型电子企业职业卫生状况和员工的职业卫生与健康知识水平、行为情况及其影响因素,为对企业实施工作场所健康促进综合干预提供基础。方法采用整群抽样的方法,在某中小型电子企业中抽取2个班次的员工(包括生产工人和管理人员)共100人进行调查。用自制的需求评估问卷对调查对象进行面对面调查,问卷内容包括职业卫生相关知识知晓情况、行为生活习惯、McLean职业紧张调查表、Goldberg普通健康调查表和相关需求等。结果需求评估结果显示,调查对象中有13.0%未与企业签订劳动合同,14.0%未参加工伤保险,精神卫生异常率为26.0%。每天工作时间>8h的员工占38.0%,37.0%的员工不知道《职业病防治法》。分别有96.0%、94.0%的员工希望了解作业场所存在的职业病危害因素和希望获得个体职业病防护用品。结论该企业管理者的法律意识不强,员工职业卫生知识欠缺,职业卫生服务及相关知识需求较高;需要通过工作场所健康促进的综合性干预措施来改善作业环境,提高职业卫生管理水平,增强员工健康意识。
Objective To understand the occupational health status of a small and medium-sized electronic enterprise and the knowledge, behavior and influencing factors of occupational health and health of employees in order to provide a basis for enterprises to implement a comprehensive intervention in workplace health promotion. Methods Using cluster sampling method, a total of 100 employees (including production workers and managers) who took 2 shifts from a small and medium-sized electronic enterprise were investigated. Face-to-face surveys were conducted on respondents using a self-made needs assessment questionnaire that included information on occupational health-related knowledge, behavioral habits, the McLean occupational stress questionnaire, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, and other related needs. Results Needs assessment showed that 13.0% of the respondents did not sign the labor contract with the enterprise, 14.0% did not participate in the work-related injury insurance, and the abnormal rate of mental health was 26.0%. 38.0% of the employees working 8 hours a day, and 37.0% of the employees do not know the Law of Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases. Respectively, 96.0% and 94.0% of employees wanted to understand the occupational hazards that existed in the workplace and hoped to obtain personal protective equipment for occupational diseases. Conclusion The corporate managers are not aware of legal awareness, lack of occupational health knowledge, high demand for occupational health services and related knowledge. They need to improve their work environment and improve their occupational health management through comprehensive interventions for workplace health promotion. Employee health awareness.