一提起自然灾害,人们很快就会想到洪水、台风、暴雨或地震。相比之下,对人畜健康乃至农作物均有广泛而深远影响的热浪侵袭却往往不被人注意。实际上,全世界每年因酷热而致死的大规模事件并不少,我国亦有发生。热浪袭人时,或以其高温使人难以降温、或以其干热使人排汗过多造成盐水平衡失调,从而引起人体病变。公共卫生学家在对热浪侵袭事件的调查研究中,发现住宅的建筑设计是否合理以及周围的绿化情况对中暑的发生有极大影响。居室较宽敞、绿化搞得好的,中暑明显减少。城市由于人口、高楼、车辆和工厂密集,产热、吸热多,加之风速较小、散热不易,因此中暑发生率远比农村高。调查中发现,老年人因生理功能减退,发生中暑死亡的危险性最大,65岁以上老人的中暑发生率比65岁以下的高 Mention floods, typhoons, torrential rain or earthquakes soon after mentioning natural disasters. In contrast, heat waves, which have widespread and far-reaching effects on human health and even on crops, are often noticed. In fact, there are not many large-scale incidents in the world that have been fatal and hot each year. My country has also taken place. Heat waves hit people, or its high temperature makes it difficult to cool down, or its dry sweat too much cause salt water balance disorders, causing human disease. Public health scientists in the investigation of heat waves in the incident and found that the residential building design is reasonable and the surrounding landscape has a great impact on the incidence of heat stroke. More spacious room, afforestation done well, heat stroke significantly reduced. Cities due to population, tall buildings, vehicles and factories intensive, heat, heat and more, coupled with smaller wind speed, heat dissipation is not easy, so the incidence of heat stroke is far higher than in rural areas. The survey found that the elderly due to decreased physiological function, the greatest risk of death from heat stroke, the elderly over the age of 65, the incidence of heat stroke than 65 years of age under the high