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膜结构是一种建筑与结构完美融合的结构形式,“形”和“态”是膜结构设计中的重要概念.为实现形态设计的合理性,国内外学者已开展了大量研究,提出多种形态分析方法.但是形态分析并不等同于形态设计,要实现设计合理性还需要在概念设计和分析结果优化两方面开展工作.本文首先介绍了一些典型膜结构的建筑造型和力学特点,探讨了膜结构概念设计的一些基本原则;然后提出了以“刚度最大”、“受荷后应力分布最均匀”和“支反力最小”为优化目标的基于遗传算法的膜结构多目标形态优化方法;最后应用该方法对几种典型的膜结构进行了形态优化分析,得到了一些可用于指导膜结构概念设计的参数较优取值范围.
Membrane structure is a perfect blend of architecture and structure, and “shape” and “state” are important concepts in the design of membrane structure.In order to realize the rational design of morphology, a great deal of researches have been done , A variety of morphological analysis methods are put forward.But the morphological analysis is not the same as the morphological design.It is also necessary to carry out the conceptual design and the optimization of the analytical results in order to achieve the design rationality.This paper first introduces the architectural modeling and mechanics of some typical membrane structures The basic principles of the conceptual design of the membrane structure are discussed. Then, the genetic based optimization of the membrane structure with the most uniform stress distribution and the smallest support force is proposed. Algorithm, the multi-objective morphological optimization method of membrane structure was proposed. Finally, some typical membrane structures were optimized by morphological analysis, and some optimal range of parameters were obtained, which can be used to guide the conceptual design of membrane structure.