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目的监测2013年云南省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)人间疫情和宿主动物,分析流行病学特点,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法居民区用鼠笼法、野外用鼠夹法,进行鼠密度监测,采集人血清以及宿主动物肺脏组织,用免疫荧光法进行汉坦病毒(HV)抗原或抗体检查,采用Spss 17.0软件分析数据。结果 2013年云南省共报告HFRS病例95例,其中实验室诊断81例,临床诊断14例,发病率0.20/10万;发病季节以5月和12月为主,发病人群以中老年男性农民为主;泸西县、祥云县和大姚县3个监测点秋季人群HV阳性率分别为14.15%、16.00%和3.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.37,P<0.05);3个监测点共捕获12种424只小兽,其中居民区褐家鼠为优势鼠种,野外大绒鼠和高山姬鼠为优势鼠种,宿主动物HV阳性率为13.21%(56/424),阳性宿主动物为褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、大绒鼠、高山姬鼠、中华姬鼠、锡金小鼠、短尾鼩和灰麝鼩。结论滇西地区为HFRS主要发病地区,秋季居民区HFRS的防控更为重要,监测点广泛存在以褐家鼠为主要传染源的家鼠型HFRS疫源地,还存在以高山姬鼠和中华姬鼠为主要传染源的野鼠型HFRS疫源地,食虫动物短尾鼩和灰麝鼩也发现HV感染。
Objective To monitor the human epidemic and host animals of HFRS in Yunnan Province in 2013 and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment strategies. Methods The murine cage method was used in the residential area to monitor the density of the rat by the mouse clamp method. The human serum and the lung tissues of the host animals were collected. Hantavirus (HV) antigen or antibody was detected by immunofluorescence. The data were analyzed by using Spss 17.0 software . Results A total of 95 cases of HFRS were reported in Yunnan Province in 2013, of which 81 cases were diagnosed in laboratory and 14 cases were diagnosed clinically. The incidence rate was 0.20 / 100000. The incidence season was mainly in May and December, and the incidence of middle-aged and older male peasants was The HV positive rates of autumn fall were 14.15%, 16.00% and 3.00% respectively in Luxi County, Xiangyun County and Dayao County, with significant difference (χ2 = 8.37, P <0.05) A total of 12 kinds of 424 small mammals were captured. Among them, Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in the residential area, and the dominant species were male and female. The positive rate of HV in host animals was 13.21% (56/424). The positive host Animals are Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus, Eupolyphaga nobilis, Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus agrarius, Sikkim mice, Macaca fascicularis, and Musk deer. Conclusions The prevention and control of HFRS in the residential areas in autumn are more important in the western part of Yunnan Province. In HFRS epidemic areas with Rattus norvegicus as the main source of infection, Apodemus is the main source of infection of the vole-type HFRS foci, carnivores, short-tailed birds and gray musk deer also found HV infection.