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前报已经阐明水稻齐穗期应用乙烯利可提早成熟,但与正常成熟的对照相比,出于籽粒不够充实,对产量有一定的不良影响。本文主要论述乙烯利催熟效应的生理基础。根据试验结果,增强成熟期间的物质代谢,是乙烯利催熟的重要生理原因之一。水稻齐穗期喷施乙烯利,可促进营养器官碳水化合物水解和增强生殖器官的合成,提高籽粒磷酸化酶的活性,加速穗部淀粉积累。但在另一方面,由于加速功能叶蛋白质、叶绿素分解,光合作用减弱,群体略显早衰。加之功能叶呼吸作用增强,增加对物质与能量的消耗,因而籽粒轻于对照。和其他作物的果实一样,在成熟过程中,处理的水稻植株其谷粒的呼吸高峰提前,也是乙烯利催熟效应的重要生理表现。
It has been clarified in the previous report that application of ethephon in full heading stage of rice can be prematurely matured, but compared with the normal mature control, there is a certain adverse effect on the yield due to insufficient grain enrichment. This article discusses the physiological basis of ethephon ripening effect. According to the results of the experiment, it is one of the important physiological reasons for the ripening of ethephon to enhance the substance metabolism during ripening. Ethephon sprayed at heading stage promoted the hydrolysis of carbohydrate in vegetative organs and enhanced the synthesis of reproductive organs, increased the activity of grain phosphorylase and accelerated the accumulation of starch in ear. On the other hand, however, the population is slightly premature due to accelerated functional leaf protein, chlorophyll breakdown, reduced photosynthesis. Coupled with functional leaf respiration enhanced, increasing the consumption of matter and energy, so the grain lighter than the control. Like other crops, during the ripening process, the peak of respiration of the treated rice plants is advanced, which is also an important physiological manifestation of ethephon ripening effect.