许多实验室都试图通过一项体内或体外试验来确定人体肿瘤细胞对某种化疗药物的敏感性或耐药性,然后再应用于临床。大多数试验只能证明哪些药物有无临床作用,却无法预测哪些药物对肿瘤细胞最有效。到目前为止,仍没有一种实验被临床上广泛应用。通常耐药细胞对许多结构和作用机理不同的药物具有交叉耐药性(如生物碱、蒽环类、 Many laboratories are trying to determine the sensitivity or resistance of human tumor cells to a certain chemotherapeutic drug through an in vivo or in vitro test before they are used clinically. Most tests can only prove which drugs have no clinical effect, but they cannot predict which drugs are most effective for tumor cells. So far, no one experiment has been widely used clinically. In general, drug-resistant cells have cross-resistance to many drugs with different structures and mechanisms of action (such as alkaloids, anthracyclines,