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目的建立兔蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)模型,观察SAH后大脑深静脉管径的变化,为SAH后脑血管痉挛的发生及治疗提供新的理论依据。方法新西兰兔38只,随机分为SAH组(33只)和生理盐水(normal saline,NS)组(5只)。SAH组采用枕大池两次注血法制作SAH模型,NS组注入等量NS作为对照。SAH组18只、NS组2只兔行显微解剖、动物行为和神经功能观察,其余分别于造模前1 d、造模后5 d行MR颅脑扫描。结果显微解剖示兔脑干腹侧面、侧脑室、四叠体池等部位皆有明显积血。NS组大脑深静脉直径造模前、后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SAH组造模前大脑内静脉、基底静脉、大脑大静脉直径为(0.57±0.13)、(0.38±0.08)、(1.33±0.31)mm,造模后分别为(0.42±0.08)、(0.25±0.12)、(1.26±0.31)mm,其中大脑内静脉与基底静脉的直径与造模前比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论兔SAH后大脑深静脉可以发生不同程度的收缩痉挛。
Objective To establish a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model in rabbits and observe the changes of the diameter of the deep venous vein after SAH, providing a new theoretical basis for the occurrence and treatment of cerebral vasospasm after SAH. Methods Thirty-eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into SAH group (n = 33) and normal saline group (n = 5). In the SAH group, the SAH model was made by two injection methods in the occipital cistern and the NS group with the same amount of NS as the control. 18 rabbits in SAH group and 2 rabbits in NS group underwent microsurgical dissection, animal behavior and nerve function observation. The rest were observed 1 d before model making and 5 days after model making. Results Microanatomic analysis showed that the rabbit brain stem ventral side, lateral ventricle, quadruple pool and other parts of all obvious hematuria. There was no significant difference in the diameter of deep vein of NS group before and after modeling (P> 0.05). The diameter of venous vein, basilar vein and cerebral vein in SAH group were (0.57 ± 0.13), (0.38 ± 0.08) and (1.33 ± 0.31) mm, respectively, and were 0.42 ± 0.08 and 0.25 ± 0.12) and (1.26 ± 0.31) mm, respectively. The diameters of the venous and basilar veins in the brain were statistically different from those before modeling (P <0.05). Conclusions After deep SAH in rabbits, different degrees of contraction spasm may occur.