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目的:观察参虫胶囊对实验性糖尿病(DM)大鼠视网膜微血管病变的影响。方法:糖尿病造模成功大鼠36只,随机分为模型组、治疗组和对照组各12只,治疗组、对照组分别以参虫胶囊、羟苯磺酸钙胶囊灌服,模型组不用任何药物。观察各组大鼠体重变化、电镜下视网膜微血管改变的情况及血糖变化。另设正常大鼠10只作空白对照。结果:糖尿病大鼠的整体状况下降。治疗组整体状况好于模型组,体重较模型组明显增加(P<0.01);对照组较治疗组增加缓慢(P<0.05)。电镜下,病程1月时DM大鼠即可见视网膜毛细血管内皮细胞、周细胞的改变,线粒体肿胀,空泡样变,基底膜增厚;随着DM病程的延长,这种病理改变逐渐加剧,后期线粒体明显空泡化,内皮细胞质向血管腔内形成突起,基底膜增厚,管腔变窄。治疗组视网膜毛细血管较规则,内皮细胞胞质内吞饮小泡减少,周细胞线粒体肿胀轻,基底膜明显变薄。模型组、治疗组、对照组的血糖高于空白组(P<0.01);治疗组的血糖始终低于模型组(P<0.01);对照组血糖水平总体下降,但幅度小于治疗组(P<0.01)。结论:参虫胶囊能够有效调控实验性DM大鼠的血糖水平,改善其气阴两虚状态及视网膜微血管病变。
Objective: To observe the effect of Shenxue Capsule on retinal microvascular lesions in experimental diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-six successful diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group, treatment group, and control group. The treatment group and control group were fed with Shennen capsules and calcium dobesilate capsules respectively. The model group did not use any drug. The changes of body weight, retinal microvascular changes under electron microscope, and changes in blood glucose were observed in each group. Another 10 normal rats were used as blank controls. Results: The overall condition of diabetic rats decreased. The overall condition of the treatment group was better than that of the model group, and the body weight was significantly increased compared with the model group (P<0.01). The control group was more slowly than the treatment group (P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed that DM rats could see changes in retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes, swelling of mitochondria, vacuolar degeneration and thickening of basement membrane at 1 month of disease. With the prolongation of DM, the pathological changes gradually increased. At the late stage, the mitochondria became vacuolated, and the endothelial cytoplasm formed a bulge in the vascular lumen. The basement membrane thickened and the lumen narrowed. The treated group had more regular retinal capillaries, decreased endocytotic vesicles in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, lighter mitochondria in the pericytes, and a thin basement membrane. The blood glucose levels in the model group, the treatment group, and the control group were higher than those in the blank group (P<0.01); the blood glucose level in the treatment group was always lower than that in the model group (P<0.01); the blood glucose level in the control group decreased overall, but the amplitude was lower than the treatment group (P< 0.01). Conclusion: Shennen capsule can effectively regulate the blood glucose level of experimental DM rats, improve their qi and Yin deficiency and retinal microvascular disease.