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对低位直肠癌手术并发症的预防和处理关系到手术成败和病人预后。预防和处理低位直肠癌手术并发症须注意以下几点:(1)术前应进行准确的临床评估、做出合理的临床决策,也要准确了解病人及肿瘤自身等个体因素。(2)手术操作中应始终遵循平面优先的原则,并注重团队合作和重视麻醉因素,培养团队术中应对意外的能力。(3)避免器械设备因素造成术中副损伤(如吻合器使用不合理)。(4)中低位直肠癌病人在保肛手术后行预防性末端回肠造口可降低术后吻合口漏发生率。低位直肠癌保肛手术后须注意预防吻合口漏、吻合口出血、骶前出血和吻合口狭窄的发生。
The prevention and treatment of surgical complications of low rectal cancer are related to the success or failure of surgery and the prognosis of patients. Preventive and management of surgical complications of low rectal cancer should pay attention to the following points: (1) preoperative accurate clinical assessment should be made to make a reasonable clinical decision, but also to accurately understand the patient and the tumor itself and other individual factors. (2) Always follow the principle of plane priority in surgical operation, and pay attention to teamwork and attention to anesthesia factors, to develop team skills to deal with accidents. (3) to avoid equipment and equipment caused by intraoperative side effects (such as stapling unreasonable use). (4) The patients with low or middle rectal cancer undergoing anal sphincter-assisted distal ileostomy can reduce the incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage. Low rectal cancer after anal sphincter should pay attention to prevent anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding, presacral bleeding and anastomotic stenosis occurred.