采用 RAPD分子遗传标记技术研究了农用化学品不同使用环境下的 4种土壤微生物群落 DNA序列多样性的变化。结果表明 ,4种土壤微生物群落 DNA序列在其丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度等方面均存在差异 ;农用化学品的使用会对土壤微生物群落在 DNA分子水平上的多样性产生影响 ;而不同的农用化学品对土壤微生物群落 DNA序列多样性影响各不相同 :化肥污染会引起某些土壤微生物的富集和一些微生物物种的丧失 ;农药污染会引起土壤微生物 DNA序列本身发生变化。 RAPD molecular genetic markers were used to study the changes of DNA sequence diversity of four soil microbial communities in different environments of agricultural chemicals. The results showed that the DNA sequences of four kinds of soil microbial communities differed in their richness, diversity index and evenness. The use of agrochemicals had an impact on the diversity of soil microbial communities at the molecular level of DNA. Of agrochemicals have different effects on the DNA sequence diversity of soil microbial communities. Fertilizer pollution can cause the enrichment of some soil microorganisms and the loss of some microbial species. Pesticide contamination can cause changes in soil microbial DNA sequence itself.