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目的了解居民应对台风灾害事件的健康教育知识、技能掌握情况及其影响因素,评价居民应对台风灾害健康教育效果。方法于2010年8月—2012年8月采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取浙江省苍南县、松阳县、温岭市及湖州市南浔区4个地区2 400人进行问卷调查及为期2年的台风应对健康教育干预工作并对干预效果进行评价。结果浙江省居民基本掌握台风相关知识与技能的比例由干预前的74.13%(1 768/2 385)上升到干预后的79.37%(1 904/2 399);健康教育干预前后,居民应对台风来临前所采取的5项技能中有3项明显提高(P<0.05),居民应对台风来袭时所采取的6项措施中有4项明显提高(P<0.05);干预前,居民获得台风健康教育知识的主要途径依次为“电视”(84.9%)、“报纸”(58.2%)、“宣传画、传单”(45.9%);干预后,主要途径依次为“电视”(89.4%)、“报纸”(57.8%)、“互联网”(44.2%);多因素分析结果显示,文化程度、家庭平均月收入、是否经历过台风是浙江省居民应对台风相关知识与技能掌握的主要影响因素。结论对居民进行台风应对的健康教育可以有效提高其应对台风的技能。
Objective To understand the health education knowledge, skill mastery and influential factors of residents responding to typhoon disasters and evaluate the residents’ response to typhoon disaster health education. Methods From August 2010 to August 2012, 2 400 people in 4 districts of Cangnan County, Songyang County, Wenling City and Nanxun District of Huzhou City of Zhejiang Province were surveyed by multistage cluster random sampling method for 2 years Typhoon response to health education interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. As a result, the proportion of Zhejiang residents who basically acquired typhoon-related knowledge and skills rose from 74.13% (1 768/2 385) before intervention to 79.37% (1 904/2 399) after intervention. Residents should deal with typhoons before and after health education intervention Three of the five prior skills were significantly improved (P <0.05), and four of the six measures taken by residents in response to the typhoon were significantly increased (P <0.05). Prior to the intervention, residents were given good health The main ways of education were “TV” (84.9%), “Newspaper” (58.2%), “Propaganda” and “Flyer” (45.9%). After the intervention, the main channels followed were TV (89.4%), newspapers (57.8%) and Internet (44.2%). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the educational level, the average monthly household income and the typhoon experienced by Zhejiang residents Typhoon - related knowledge and skills to master the main influencing factors. Conclusions Health education on residents responding to typhoon can effectively improve their skills in dealing with typhoon.