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刑事诉讼中的证据开示是审判前一方从另一方获得有关案件情况的证据信息的活动,包括辩方到检察机关、法院查阅案卷的单向证据开示,也包括双向的控辩证据交流和在第三方主持下进行的证据开示听证。中国具有独具特色的政治、经济、法律背景,包括官本位思想传统、突出的诉讼效率问题和以审前为中心。在这种背景下,刑事证据开示具有独特的制度价值,包括加强辩护能力,促进检察官客观义务的履行、减少错误或者不必要的起诉,增加了诉讼步骤的同时减少庭审对证据审查的时间。在这种中国特色视域中,辩方拥有普遍的查阅案卷的权利;在审查起诉阶段,控辩双方可以进行证据交流;在庭审前,对于重大、复杂和未成年人犯罪的案件,控辩双方均可提出申请,在主审法官或者书记员的主持下,进行证据开示听证。
Evidence discovery in criminal procedure is the activity of obtaining the evidence information of the case from the other party before the trial, including the one-way evidence from the defense to the prosecutor’s office and the court for examining the case file. It also includes two-way exchange of evidence-based defense and prosecution Evidence hearing conducted under the auspices of a third party. China has a unique political, economic and legal background, including the tradition of official-oriented thinking, outstanding efficiency of litigation and pre-trial centering. In this context, the discovery of criminal evidence has unique institutional value, including strengthening the capacity of defense, promoting the fulfillment of the prosecutor’s objective obligations, reducing errors or unnecessary prosecutions, increasing litigation steps and reducing the time for trial review . In this visual field with Chinese characteristics, the defense has the universal right to access the files. During the examination and prosecution phases, the two parties can exchange evidence. Before the trial, the defense and prosecution of major, complicated and minor crimes Both parties may apply for the hearing of evidence to be heard under the auspices of the presiding judge or clerk.