一、能源多元化布局,缓解油价波动冲击世界各国发展燃料乙醇的目的中,进行能源多元化和自给化布局,缓解油价波动对经济的冲击,是最直接和最重要的。乙醇作为发动机燃料的研究开发,早在20世纪20~30年代就开始了,但直到70年代末才出现燃料乙醇产业的大爆发,直接原因就是70年代的全球石油危机。正是在此之后,世界各国都意识到对单一能源依赖度过高对国家能源安全的威胁性,也是因为石油危机导致的油价高企,使得燃料乙醇的生产 I. Diversification of Energy Sources and Ease of Fluctuation in Oil Prices In the purpose of fuel ethanol development in various countries in the world, it is the most direct and important energy diversification and self-sufficiency distribution to ease the impact of fluctuations in oil prices on the economy. The research and development of ethanol as an engine fuel began in the 1920s and 1930s. However, the outbreak of the fuel ethanol industry did not occur until the late 1970s. The direct cause was the global oil crisis in the 1970s. It is after this that all countries in the world are aware of the threat to the country’s energy security due to their over-reliance on a single energy source and because of the high oil prices caused by the oil crisis and the production of fuel ethanol