和成人一样,小儿酸碱平衡紊乱分酸中毒和碱中毒,其中各又分为呼吸性及代谢性两种。呼吸性酸中毒(下称呼酸) 呼酸是由肺通气不足,使血CO_2潴留,肺泡和动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCo_2)增高(高碳酸血症)。常见原因有:①新生儿窒息;②各种原因所致的呼吸道梗阻和肺炎;③中枢神经疾病或麻醉药所致的呼吸衰竭;④呼吸肌无力 As with adults, children with acid-base balance disorders acidosis and alkalosis, which are divided into two kinds of respiratory and metabolic. Respiratory acidosis (referred to as sour acid) is caused by lack of lung ventilation, so that blood CO_2 retention, alveolar and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCo_2) increased (hypercapnia). Common causes are: ① neonatal asphyxia; ② various causes of respiratory tract obstruction and pneumonia; ③ CNS disease or anesthetic-induced respiratory failure; ④ respiratory muscle weakness