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1840年鸦片战争之后,中国传统的封建社会发生了深刻的变化,商业结构也随之改变,封建性质的旧式商业开始走向衰落并发生转化,资本主义新式商业开始兴起,形成晚清商业结构中新旧并存的格局。一鸦片战争以前,中国依然是一个独立的封建社会。但到清代中后期,随着手工业产量的增加和技术的提高,专业化分工日益加强,农业中商品作物的种植不断增加,各级市场也相
After the Opium War in 1840, the traditional Chinese feudal society had undergone profound changes and the commercial structure changed accordingly. The old feudal business started to decline and transformed, and the new capitalist commercial business started to emerge to form the old and new business structure in the late Qing Dynasty The coexistence of the pattern. Before the Opium War, China remained an independent feudal society. However, by the middle and late Qing dynasty, with the increase of handicrafts output and the improvement of technology, the specialized division of labor intensified day by day. The cultivation of commodity crops in agriculture was continuously increasing, and the markets at all levels were also in phase