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目的探讨青少年体质量指数(BMI)、腰围/身高(WHtR)与血压关系。方法通过分层整群随机抽样,共抽取13～18岁青少年3874人,以 BMI 及 WHtR 将人群分为:A 组:BMI 正常、WHtR<0.46,(n=3024),B组:BMI 正常、WHtR≥0.46,(n=103),C 组:BMI 达超重肥胖诊断标准、WHtR<0.46,(n=189),D 组:BMI 达超重肥胖诊断标准、WHtR≥0.46,(n=558)。测量身高、体质量、腰围、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)水平。结果1)D组 SBP 和 DBP 水平明显高于其他3组(P<0.01),C 组 SBP 与 DBP 水平高于 A 组和 B 组(P<0.01),A 组与 B 组间比较,差异无统计学意义。2)校正年龄、性别后,与 A 组相比,logistic 回归分析,C 组和 D 组发生高 SBP 的危险性分别为 A 组的2.9,7.6倍(95%CI 分别是1.49～5.55,5.32～10.81,P<0.01),D 组发生高 DBP 的危险性是 A组的5.39倍(95%CI:3.63～8.01,P<0.01),C 组和 D 组发生高 SBP 的危险性分别为是 A 组的2.4,6.2倍(95%CI 分别是1.35～4.17,4.64～8.39,P<0.01)。3)对超重肥胖青少年(C 组和 D 组)行多元线性回归显示,仅 BMI为 SBP 和 DBP 独立危险因素,而 WHtR 未被引入方程。结论超重肥胖是引发青少年高血压的重要危险因素,BMI,而非腰围/身高,可作为青少年高血压独立预测因素。
Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference / height (WHtR) and blood pressure in adolescents. Methods A total of 3874 adolescents aged 13-18 years were enrolled in the study. A total of 3874 adolescents aged 13-18 years were enrolled in the study. Group A: BMI was normal, WHtR <0.46 (n = 3024), B was normal, WHtR≥0.46, (n = 103). In group C, the diagnosis of overweight and obesity by BMI was as follows: WHtR <0.46, (n = 189), group D: BMI was diagnosed as overweight and obesity with WHtR≥0.46 (n = 558). Height, body mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Results The SBP and DBP levels in group D were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P <0.01). The SBP and DBP levels in group C were higher than those in group A and B (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between group A and group B Statistical significance. 2) After adjusting for age and gender, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of high SBP in group C and D were 2.9 and 7.6 times higher than that in group A (95% CI 1.49-5.55 and 5.32 ~ 10.81, P <0.01). The risk of high DBP in group D was 5.39 times higher than that in group A (95% CI: 3.63-8.01, P <0.01). The risk of high SBP in group C and group D was A Group were 2.4,6.2 times (95% CI 1.35 ~ 4.17,4.64 ~ 8.39, P <0.01). 3) Multiple linear regression analysis of overweight and obese adolescents (groups C and D) showed that only BMI was an independent risk factor for SBP and DBP, whereas WHtR was not introduced into the equation. Conclusion Overweight and obesity is an important risk factor of adolescent hypertension. BMI, rather than waist circumference / height, can be an independent predictor of adolescent hypertension.