一历史通常有这两方面的区别:历史作为研究的对象和历史作为研究其对象的方式。前者属于历史的“客观”方面,其研究的对象有人企图解释为人,有人企图解释为过程。后者属于历史的主观方面,这里的一个普遍倾向是把概念方法的性质说成是运用个别概念的方法。考令伍德对历史性质的看法,尽管经过多方面的发展,却和这些区别一点不符合。他研究了上述 A history is usually the difference between these two aspects: history as the object of study and history as the way to study its object. The former belongs to the “objective” aspect of history. Some of its objects are intended to be interpreted as human beings and some are intended to be interpreted as processes. The latter belongs to the subjective aspect of history. A common tendency here is to describe the nature of the conceptual approach as a method of applying individual concepts. The testament to historic nature, despite its multifaceted development, is not at all inconsistent with these differences. He studied the above