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由于多种因素交织,新中国初期引发了农民进城热潮,其中城乡生活差异是农民进城的主要动力,工业建设则是农民进城的直接动因,大规模的农民进城给当时的城市管理、农业生产都带来了巨大的影响。为此,国家出台了一系列政令与管理措施限制农民进城,最终促使城乡人口逆向迁移,并逐渐固化了城乡二元的社会发展模式,影响深远。在当前社会管理中,准确判断农民群体的多元性与异质性,深入分析农民进城的动力机制,完善农民进城的政策回应,必须以史为鉴。
Due to the interweaving of many factors, the influx of peasants into the cities in the early days of New China caused the difference between urban and rural areas, which was the main driving force for peasants to enter the cities. Industrial construction was the direct motivation for peasants to enter the cities. Large-scale peasants’ , Agricultural production has brought tremendous impact. To this end, the state has promulgated a series of government decrees and administrative measures to restrict peasants to enter the cities and eventually promote the reverse migration of urban and rural populations, and gradually solidify the urban-rural dual social development model with far-reaching effects. In current social management, we must accurately judge the diversity and heterogeneity of farmer groups, analyze in depth the motivation mechanism of farmers entering cities, and improve the policy responses of farmers to cities. We must learn from history.