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19世纪末20世纪初俄国社会处于动荡时期,各种思潮和运动风起云涌,为摆脱文化和信仰危机,部分知识分子掀起了“寻神运动”和“造神运动”。梅列日科夫斯基作为“寻神运动”的代表之一,他从自己的宗教哲学立场出发,通过系列批评文章对高尔基及其作品进行了独特的阐释,认为高尔基是“造神运动”的最大代表,“人神”宗教的无言先知。而高尔基则把梅列日科夫斯基的“寻神活动”看作是其正经历着“精神危机”的“颓废主义”。梅列日科夫斯基和高尔基在世纪之初的激烈“辩论”触及到现代文化发展和个性形成方法的根本问题,在对待宗教方面必然做出自己的选择。梅列日科夫斯基的这些批评文章也成为20世纪初俄罗斯宗教哲学批评史上重要的一页,它们不仅提出了高尔基世界观探索的复杂问题,也突出了其宗教精神,这对于其同时代人和当代人来说都具有重要意义。本文将通过两人之间的论战作品分析,揭示这场论战的实质。
At the turn of the 19th century and early 20th century, Russian society was in a period of turmoil, with various currents of thought and movements surging. In order to get rid of the crisis of culture and belief, some intellectuals set off “God-seeking” and “God-making” movements. As one of the representatives of “God-seeking Movement”, Merezhikovsky set out from his religious and philosophical standpoint and made a unique interpretation of Gorky and his works through a series of critical articles that Gorky made God’s motto, “the” God of God, “the religion of the silent prophet. Gorky, on the other hand, considers Merezhkovsky’s ”God-seeking activity“ as a ”decadence“ that is experiencing ”a spiritual crisis.“ Merezhkovsky and Gorky at the beginning of this century’s intense ”debate" touched upon the fundamental problems of the development of modern culture and the formation of personality, the inevitable treatment of religion must make its own choice. These criticisms of Merezhkovski also became an important page in the history of the Russian religious philosophy criticism in the early 20th century. They not only raised the complex issue of Gorky’s exploration of the world outlook but also highlighted its religious spirit, And contemporary people are of great significance. This article will analyze the substance of the controversy between the two men and reveal the essence of this controversy.