教与学的本质属性是教师价值主导和学生学习主体的辩证统一。教师根据学生已有的认知水平和知识经验,精心设计问题情境,详细预设教学过程,引导和启发学生思考的方向,组织学生探究知识的策略,参与学生有效的知识建构,把学生主体和教师主导和谐起来,才能保持课堂的活力和张力。学生的主体作用在于学生在已有的知识经验前提下经历新知识的形成过程,力求从这个过程中悟出新知识的要点,与原有知识进行整合,完善原有知识或建构新的知识体系。从这一个角度来分析,学生是学习的主体,但是学生学习不是漫无目的的,它需要教师参与到学生的学习过程,驾 The essential attribute of teaching and learning is the dialectical unification of teachers’ value and student learning. According to the students’ existing cognition and knowledge, teachers carefully design the situation of the problem, pre-design the teaching process in detail, guide and inspire students to think in the direction, organize students to explore knowledge strategies, participate in effective knowledge construction of students, Teacher-led harmony, in order to maintain the vitality and tension of the classroom. Students’ main role lies in that students experience the formation of new knowledge under the precondition of existing knowledge and try to realize the essentials of new knowledge from this process, integrate with the original knowledge, improve the original knowledge or construct a new knowledge system . From this perspective, students are the main body of learning, but student learning is not aimless, it requires teachers to participate in the learning process of students, driving