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目的探讨清远市陶瓷企业工人的社会支持与心理健康的关系。方法 2014年9-10月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取了850名清远市陶瓷企业在岗工人,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对陶瓷工人的心理健康和社会支持情况进行评测。结果本研究共获得850份有效问卷,与国内常模(24.92±18.41)相比,清远市陶瓷工人SCL-90自评量表的阳性项目更多(27.12±17.30),比较各因子得分,人际敏感(1.50±0.43)、焦虑(1.35±0.38)和敌对(1.41±0.44)三个因子的均分显著低于国内常模(分别为1.65±0.61、1.39±0.43、1.46±0.55)(P<0.05),其他因子均分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。陶瓷工人社会支持总分为(40.00±7.54)。女性工人获得的社会支持总分(41.48±7.18)显著高于男性(39.85±7.63)(P<0.05),30~岁组陶瓷工人获得的社会支持总分(41.42±7.41)高于其他年龄组(18~:39.30±7.03;40~:40.01±8.06)(P<0.05),已婚组获得社会支持总分(41.15±7.40)高于其他婚姻状况组(未婚:36.08±6.48,同居:37.06±6.57)(P<0.05),文化程度越高获得的社会支持总分越多(P<0.05)。社会支持总分和各个维度得分与SCL-90总分和各因子均分之间呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论清远市陶瓷企业工人的心理健康水平不容乐观,社会支持与其心理健康水平有相关关系。
Objective To explore the relationship between social support and mental health of ceramic enterprises workers in Qingyuan City. METHODS: From September to October 2014, 850 workers from ceramic enterprises in Qingyuan City were sampled using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The samples were collected using the Self-rating Symptom Scale (SCL-90) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) Workers’ mental health and social support were evaluated. Results A total of 850 valid questionnaires were obtained in this study. Compared with the domestic norm (24.92 ± 18.41), there were more positive items in the SCL-90 self-rating scale of ceramic workers in Qingyuan City (27.12 ± 17.30). The scores of each factor, The mean scores of three factors (1.50 ± 0.43, 1.35 ± 0.38, 1.41 ± 0.44) were significantly lower than those of the national norm (1.65 ± 0.61, 1.39 ± 0.43, 1.46 ± 0.55, respectively) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other factors (P> 0.05). The total social support for ceramic workers was (40.00 ± 7.54). The total score of social support obtained by female workers (41.48 ± 7.18) was significantly higher than that of males (39.85 ± 7.63) (P <0.05). The total social support scores of ceramic workers aged 30 ~ 41.42 ± 7.41 were higher than other age groups (41.15 ± 7.40) in married group were significantly higher than those in other marital status groups (unmarried: 36.08 ± 6.48, cohabitation: 37.06 ± 6.57) (P <0.05). The higher the level of education, the more social support scores (P <0.05). Social support score and each dimension score were negatively correlated with SCL-90 total score and each factor’s mean score (P <0.01). Conclusion The level of mental health of workers in ceramic enterprises in Qingyuan City is not optimistic. There is a correlation between social support and mental health level.