H5N1禽流感病毒在禽类中广泛流行,对家禽养殖业造成严重经济损失。1997年香港地区首次出现人感染H5N1禽流感病例,2003年之后多个国家相继出现H5N1禽流感病毒感染人事件,目前已有16个国家650人感染发病,患者死亡率高达60%以上。随着H5N1禽流感病毒的持续流行与进化,该病毒仍然对公共卫生具有严重威胁。综述了H5N1禽流感病毒的进化特点、流行情况以及致病性。 The H5N1 bird flu virus is widespread in poultry and causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In 1997, for the first time in Hong Kong, people were infected with H5N1 bird flu. Since 2003, H5N1 bird flu virus has been reported in many countries. So far, 650 people have been infected in 16 countries and the mortality rate is as high as 60%. With the continuing epidemic and evolution of the H5N1 bird flu virus, the virus continues to pose a serious public health threat. The evolution characteristics, prevalence and pathogenicity of H5N1 bird flu virus were summarized.