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近年来的研究表明，肺炎时炎症细胞因子发挥重要作用，即免疫保护、免疫调节及免疫病理。每一种细胞因子随肺炎的病原及细胞因子的本身浓度不同而产生各自不同的作用。白介素－１β可能与感染的严重性有关，白介素－６反应机体的应激程度，白介素－８主要趋化中性粒细胞到炎症局部并参与肺炎的致病过程，与肺炎的严重性有关。另外，肺部低浓度的肿瘤坏死因子－ａ有助于对抗病原微生物的侵害，高浓度时发挥内分泌作用，可致机体的损害，这为肺炎的临床免疫治疗提供了一定的依据
In recent years, studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines play an important role in pneumonia, ie, immunoprotection, immunomodulation and immunopathology. Each of the cytokines produce different effects depending on the pathogen of pneumonia and the concentration of cytokines themselves. Interleukin-1β may be related to the severity of infection, interleukin-6 response to stress levels, interleukin-8 mainly chemotactic neutrophils to inflammation and participate in the pathogenesis of pneumonia, and the severity of pneumonia. In addition, the low concentration of lung tumor necrosis factor-a helps against pathogenic microorganisms, endocrine function at high concentrations, can cause damage to the body, which provides a basis for the clinical immunotherapy of pneumonia