Φ.刀.沙皮罗是前苏联著名实验物理学家。1915年4月6日生于维捷布斯克。1941年毕业于莫斯科大学,1945年至1958年在苏联科学院物理研究所工作。从1959年起,任杜布纳联合核研究所中子物理实验室副主任。从1967乍起,兼任莫斯科大学教授,1968年被选为苏联科学院通讯院士,1973年1月30日因病去世。 沙皮罗一生中专门从事中子物理方面的研究,取得了一系列极其重要的科研成果。 提出中子光谱法 沙皮罗在前苏联科学院物理研究昕原子核实验室工作期间,曾利用D+T反应的中子发生器作为中子源进行核物理方面的研究。1955年,他根据由他、拉扎列娃和法因贝格共同提出的理论,提出了一种在铅中慢化时间中子光谱测定法,这是一种研究原子核的有效方法。采用这种方法,他研究了辐射俘获截面,即入射粒子与原予核相互作用发生辐射俘获过程的截面。所谓辐射俘获过程,指的是原子核获得粒子并几乎同时放出γ射线的核反应过程。对于中子诱发的核反应 Shapiro is a famous experimental physicist in the former Soviet Union. Born on April 6, 1915 in Vitebsk. He graduated from Moscow University in 1941 and from 1945 to 1958 at the Institute of Physics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. From 1959, he served as Deputy Director of the Neutron Physics Laboratory at Dubbona Joint Nuclear Research Institute. From 1967, he served as a professor at the Moscow University and was elected a member of the Communications Academy of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1968, died of illness on January 30, 1973. Shapiro’s life specialized in neutron physics research, made a series of extremely important scientific research. Neutron spectroscopy was proposed during the work of the former Soviet Union Institute of Physics Physics Xin nuclear laboratory, had used the D + T reaction of neutron generator as a neutron source for nuclear physics research. In 1955, based on the theory put forward by him, Lazareva and Fannberg, he put forward a method of moderating time neutron spectrometry in lead, an effective method of studying nuclei. Using this method, he studied the radiation capture section, the cross-section of the radiation capture process where the incident particle interacts with the original nucleus. The so-called radiation trapping process, refers to the nucleus to obtain particles and almost simultaneously emit γ-ray nuclear reaction process. For neutron-induced nuclear reactions