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复合材料以其轻质、高强等优越的结构性能,而在航天、航空、汽车甚至体育器材制造中得到广泛的应用。复合材料的基本组成为基体材料(高分子聚合物、陶瓷、金属)和增强体(纤维、晶须及超细颗粒)两大部分。在各类增强体中,由于晶须是由针状单晶体组成,其强度与弹性模量接近于该种材料的理论极限,因而作为一种新型材料在世界范围内得到广泛的研究,并获得高度的发展。目前,世界上已开发并得到应用的晶须有数十种,其中包括:单质晶须,如 C、B、Si、Fe…等;简单化合物晶须,如 d-Al_2O_3、MgO、SiC、AlN…;盐类及复杂无机物晶须,如
Composite materials with its lightweight, high strength and other superior structural properties, but in aerospace, aviation, automobiles and even sports equipment manufacturing has been widely used. The basic composition of composite materials for the matrix materials (polymers, ceramics, metals) and reinforcements (fibers, whiskers and ultrafine particles) two major parts. In all kinds of reinforcements, as a new type of material, whiskers are composed of needle-shaped single crystals whose strength and elastic modulus are close to the theoretical limits of the material, and have been extensively studied worldwide as a new type of material, development of. Currently, there are dozens of whiskers that have been developed and applied in the world, including: elementary whiskers such as C, B, Si, Fe ... and the like; simple compound whiskers such as d-Al 2 O 3, MgO, SiC, AlN ...; salts and complex inorganic whiskers, such as