任何社会制度下的经济管理,都要求具备相应的调节或控制手段。当前,我国管理经济的方式,正在逐步由直接控制为主转向间接控制为主。为了适应这种转变,调节手段也将以行政手段为主转向以经济手段和法律手段为主,辅以必要的行政手段。这种转变,正是反映了有计划的商品经济发展的要求。一经济手段是运用价值规律和价值形式,使企业和经济活动的参与者根据自身的经济利益决定其行为,从而对整个社会经济活动进行调节的方法和措施。人们常把经济手段的许多具体形式统称为“经济杠杆”。在有计划的商品经济的条件下,企业是自主经营、自负盈亏的具 Economic management under any social system requires the proper regulation or control measures. At present, the way in which China manages its economy is gradually shifting from direct control to indirect control. In order to adapt to this change, the means of adjustment will also be mainly shifted from administrative means to economic means and legal means, supplemented by the necessary administrative means. This shift reflects precisely the planned development of the commodity economy. An economic measure is to use the law of value and the form of value so that enterprises and economic participants decide their actions according to their own economic interests so as to adjust the methods and measures of the entire social and economic activities. People often refer to many specific forms of economic instruments as “economic levers.” Under the conditions of a planned commodity economy, enterprises are self-employed and self-financing