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目的了解厦门农村饮用水水质卫生状况,为改善水质、保障人体健康提供科学依据。方法在厦门农村按比例随机抽样调查井位、检测水质,开展水性疾病研究。结果厦门农村普遍饮用浅层井水。由于受地表污染,井水中细菌总数、大肠菌群超标严重,超标率分别为61.6%和85.1%。部分村镇水中氟含量偏高(最高值达1.6mg/L),较多的村镇水中碘含量偏低(井水、泉水、自来水碘含量分别为11.10、2.50、4.45μg/L,不合格率分别在48.3%、90.0%、58.1%)。高氟地区学龄儿童氟斑牙患病率达70%,低碘地区地方性甲状腺肿患病率20.9%。结论厦门农村饮用水以生物污染为主,部分水体缺碘,因此,改善水井周围卫生环境、修缮井壁、选用深层水、微量元素偏移的村庄应尽量修建市政管网自来水、消除水性疾病乃是厦门农村卫生工作当务之急。
Objective To understand the hygienic condition of drinking water in rural areas in Xiamen and provide scientific basis for improving water quality and ensuring human health. Methods Randomly sampling wells in Xiamen rural areas to detect water quality and carry out waterborne disease research. Results generally drinking shallow wells in rural areas in Xiamen. Due to surface contamination, the total number of bacteria in well water and coliform exceeded the standard, exceeding the standard rates of 61.6% and 85.1% respectively. Some villages and towns in the water fluoride content is high (the highest value of 1.6mg / L), more villages and towns in the low iodine content (well water, spring water, tap water iodine content was 11.10,2.50,4.45μg / L, respectively, the failure rate respectively At 48.3%, 90.0%, 58.1%). The prevalence of dental fluorosis in school-age children in high-fluoride areas was 70%, and the prevalence of endemic goitre in low-iodine areas was 20.9%. Conclusion The drinking water in rural areas of Xiamen is mainly biologically contaminated and some of the water is deficient in iodine. Therefore, improving the sanitation environment around the water well, repairing the well wall, selecting villages with deep water and trace elements offset should try their best to build municipal pipe network tap water and eliminate water diseases Xiamen is the priority of rural health work.