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使用低频大基阵如拖线阵、舷侧阵等是近代声呐发展的主要倾向之一。通常这类基阵工作在边界层压力起伏及指向性噪声干扰分量占优势的背景噪声中，为抑制这类噪声，本文基于背景噪声的不同物理特性，打破传统的半波长间距布阵理论的限制，提出密集间距大基阵分段折线模型及分步波束形成方法，并对阵形畸变的影响及减少畸变损耗的途径进行了分析和计算机模拟。结果表明，和相同条件下常规布阵方式相比，不但ＳＮＲ增益可提高一个数量级左右，而且自噪声级将大为下降，数字处理设备大为简化，对基元位置不定性的灵敏度也有所降低，大幅度地提高被动检测系统的品质因素。
The use of large low-frequency array such as drag line array, side array, etc. is one of the main trends in the development of modern sonar. Usually, this type of array works in the background noise where the boundary layer pressure fluctuation and directional noise interference components are dominant. In order to restrain this type of noise, this article breaks the limitation of the traditional half-wavelength pitch distribution theory based on the different physical characteristics of background noise , The paper presents the segmentation method of multi-segment polygons and the step-by-step beamforming method. The effects of the array distortion and the ways of reducing the distortion loss are analyzed and simulated. The results show that, compared with the conventional arrangement method under the same conditions, not only the SNR gain can be increased by one order of magnitude, but also the noise level will be greatly reduced. The digital processing equipment is greatly simplified, and the sensitivity to the position uncertainty of the primitives also decreases , Greatly improve the quality of passive detection system factors.