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叶尔羌河是塔里木河的主源之一,发源于喀喇昆仑山北坡,冰川融水是其主要补给.以叶尔羌河流域库鲁克栏杆水文站以上流域国家气象台站的月降水与月气温资料、90 m分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)以及1970年代的冰川分布矢量数据为基础,利用冰川度日因子融水径流模型重建了叶尔羌河上游流域平均冰川物质平衡、冰川融水径流序列,分析了叶尔羌河上游流域冰川融水径流变化的特征、趋势及其对河流径流的影响.结果表明:1961—2006年流域冰川平均年物质平衡为-163.1 mm,累积物质平衡为-7.5 m,平衡线平均海拔为5 395.7 m.1991年之后流域冰川物质平衡呈显著负平衡,平均年物质平衡为-301.2 mm,1991—2006年与1961—1990年相比平衡线平均高度上升了64.2 m.1961—2006年流域年平均冰川融水径流深为807.7 mm,冰川融水对河流径流的补给比重为51.3%;2000年之后冰川融水对河流径流的补给比重增大到63.3%,与多年平均值相比冰川融水对河流径流的贡献在2000年后明显增大.
The Yarkant River, one of the main sources of the Tarim River, originates from the northern slope of the Karakorum Mountain, and meltwater from the glacier is its main supply. According to the monthly precipitation and monthly temperature data of the national meteorological stations above the Kuruk Railing Station in the Yarkand River Basin, Based on the digital elevation model (DEM) of m-resolution and the glacier distribution vector data of the 1970s, the average glacial mass balance and glacial melt runoff series in the upper Yarkant River Basin were reconstructed by using the degree-day glacier model. The characteristics and trends of glacial melt runoff and their impact on runoff in the watershed are analyzed.The results show that the average annual material balance of glaciers in the basin from 1961 to 2006 is -163.1 mm, the cumulative material balance is -7.5 m, and the average elevation of the balance line is 5 395.7 m. Since 1991, the average annual mass balance has been raised to -301.2 mm. From 1991 to 2006, the average height of the equilibrium line increased by 64.2 m compared with 1961-1990. The mean glacier melt runoff is 807.7 mm deep, with glacial meltwater replenishing 51.3% of the river runoff; recharge of glacier melt after 2000 Weight increased to 63.3%, compared with the historical average contribution of glacial melt water river runoff increased significantly after 2000.