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免疫不育疫苗主要以哺乳动物的精子或卵子蛋白以及在受精和胚胎早期发育过程中发挥重要作用的激素为靶抗原。以激素为抗原的不育疫苗产生的不育效果多为不可逆的,且对机体损伤较大。以精子表面抗原制备的疫苗能够诱导产生精子抗体和不育效果,目前已成为避孕研究的一个热点。哺乳动物卵透明带(zona pellucida,ZP)是覆盖于卵母细胞及着床前受精卵外的一层基质,其在调节精卵特异性结合、诱导获能精子发生顶体反应和阻止多精受精等方面发挥着重要作用。ZP相对分子质量较小且免疫原性强,是免疫不育疫苗理想的靶抗原,抗ZP抗体可阻断精卵结合,故可被用作人类避孕和免疫不育控制有害动物种群数量的靶抗原,但人用ZP疫苗免疫机体后造成的卵巢功能损伤和免疫抑制等问题尚有待明确。
Immune-sterility vaccines mainly target mammals with sperm or egg proteins and hormones that play an important role in fertilization and early embryonic development. Infertility effects caused by steroid-sterilized vaccines are mostly irreversible, and have a greater damage to the body. Vaccines prepared with sperm surface antigen can induce sperm antibodies and infertility effects, and has become a hot spot in contraception research. Mammal zona pellucida (ZP) is a matrix that covers the oocyte and preclinical fertilized egg. It regulates sperm-specific binding, induces acrosome reaction in sperm and sperm Fertilization and other aspects play an important role. ZP is relatively low in molecular weight and strong in immunogenicity. It is an ideal target antigen for immunization of infertility vaccine. Anti-ZP antibody can block the binding of sperm-egg so that it can be used as the target of human contraception and immunization infestation to control pest populations Antigen, but the human body caused by the use of ZP vaccine ovarian damage and immunosuppression and other issues remain to be clear.