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土地问题是涉及拉美国家经济、政治和社会的重大问题。从本世纪初起,拉美一些国家开始实行土地改革,试图解决农民的土地问题。目前,几乎所有拉美国家都先后颁布了土改法或其他调整现存土地关系的法令。拉美土改开始早、范围广、持续时间长、采取的方法多样,引起世界政治家和学者的广泛关注。本文试图对70余年的拉美土改历史作一回顾,进而对拉美土改的主要方式作一评析。第二次世界大战前,拉美国家基本上是农业国,发展缓慢。造成这种现象的根源在于拉美的土地占有制度。拉美土地占有制主要有三种形式:(一)大地产制;(二)小地产制;(三)公社或村社制。其中又以大地产制为主,拉美的大地产制是一种极不合理的土地占
The land issue is a major issue involving the economic, political and social issues in Latin American countries. Since the beginning of this century, some countries in Latin America started to carry out land reform in an attempt to solve the peasants’ land issue. At present, almost all Latin American countries have promulgated the land reform law or other decrees that adjust the existing land relations. Land-based development in Latin America started early, wide-ranging, long-lasting and diversified in its approach, arousing widespread concern among politicians and scholars in the world. This article attempts to review the history of land reform in Latin America for more than 70 years and then make a comment on the main methods of land reform in Latin America. Prior to the Second World War, Latin American countries were basically agricultural countries with a slow development. The root cause of this phenomenon lies in the land ownership system in Latin America. There are three main forms of land tenure in Latin America: (1) the property system; (2) the small property system; and (3) the commune or village system. Among them, the big real estate system is also the mainstay of Latin America’s real estate system, which is an extremely unreasonable part of land