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【目的】土地盐渍化是干旱、半干旱地区由于人类不合理的开发土地资源活动和脆弱的生态环境相互影响而引起的土地退化问题,它严重威胁着干旱区绿洲生态环境的稳定性,约束着社会经济的可持续发展。因此,监测盐渍地的分布范围及其盐渍化程度,分析其成因对绿洲生态环境和社会经济可持续发展有着重要的意义。【方法】以塔里木盆地北缘盐渍地普遍发育区域渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为例,利用1989年TM,2001年ETM+和2007年ALOS 3个时期的遥感影像数据,在野外调查的基础上,采用监督分类方法,进行了盐渍地动态变化分析研究。【结果】1989～2007年的19 a中,重度盐渍地面积从1 177.78 km2增加到1 192.33km2,中度盐渍地面积增加了1 353.25 km2,轻度盐渍地面积减少了3.40%,总盐渍地面积呈增加趋势,增加面积为981.30 km2。【结论】盐渍化影响因子中人为因素占主导地位。对水和土地资源需求的增加以及不合理利用导致了该区域生态环境的恶化,进一步加重了盐渍化问题。
【Aim】 Land salinization is a problem of land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions due to the interaction between human unreasonable development of land resources and fragile ecological environment. It is a serious threat to the stability of ecological environment in arid regions and constraints Sustainable development of social economy. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the distribution of salinized land and the degree of its salinization, and to analyze its causes for the sustainable development of the ecological environment and social economy. 【Method】 Taking the Wegan-Kuqa River delta oasis in the saline-land widespread area in the northern margin of the Tarim Basin as an example, using the TM data in 1989, the ETM in 2001 and the ALOS in 2007, Based on the supervised classification method, the dynamic changes of saline land were analyzed. 【Result】 During 19 years from 1989 to 2007, the area of heavy saline land increased from 1 177.78 km2 to 1 192.33 km2, the area of medium salted land increased by 1 353.25 km2, the area of light salted land decreased by 3.40% The total saline soil area showed an increasing trend, increasing the area to 981.30 km2. 【Conclusion】 The anthropogenic factors in the influencing factors of salinization dominate. The increase in demand for water and land resources and their irrational use have led to the deterioration of the ecological environment in the region and further aggravated the problem of salinization.