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本文探讨中西福利国家理念上的异同,希望为中、西皆处于十字路口的福利国家发展方向提点意见.“福利国家”一词极为抽象含糊,在不同时空有不同的意义.它不单描述客观的实体,亦泛指理想社会的特性.“福利国家”一词有其价值涵义,人们有意无意地将自己的价值观注入其中.Briggs(1969)尝试定义如下;“福利国家是政府故意透过政治和行政在三方面去改变市场的运作.首次,保证个人及家庭有最低限度的收入,不论他们的工作和财产的市场价值怎样.其次,减少个人和家庭在面对社会性风险(例如:疾病、年老和失业)时导致危机的可能性.第三,保证所有公民,不论其社会地位和阶层,皆可获得最好的社会服务”(Briggs,1969:29).
This article explores the similarities and differences between the Welfare State of China and the West and hopes to provide some advice on the development direction of the Welfare State at the crossroads between China and the West.The term “Welfare State” is extremely abstract and vague and has different meanings in different time and space. (1969) try to define the following: “Welfare state is the government deliberately through politics And administration to change markets in three ways: for the first time, ensuring that individuals and families have a minimum income regardless of the market value of their work and property Second, reducing the risk to individuals and families of facing social risks (eg, illness , Old age and unemployment) and thirdly, guaranteeing that all citizens, regardless of their social status and class, receive the best possible social services ”(Briggs 1969: 29).