贸易自由化引致的产品制造过程全球化,带来了大量的国际航运需求。随着竞争程度的加剧,制造商和托运人尽力实现运输时间及成本的最小化,同时还希望货物能被及时交付。为保持竞争优势,港口当局致力于对港口设施进行现代化的升级改造,以满足船公司的要求,但所需投资却往往超出公 The globalization of the manufacturing process caused by trade liberalization has brought about a large number of international shipping needs. As the degree of competition intensifies, manufacturers and shippers try their best to minimize transport time and costs while still expecting the timely delivery of the goods. In order to maintain a competitive advantage, the port authorities are committed to modernizing their port facilities to meet the requirements of shipping companies, but the investment required often exceeds those of the public