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目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者孕中期母体体成分特点。方法采用巢式病例对照研究方法,对象全部来自2012年5月20日-2013年12月31日期间参与多中心队列研究的人群,选取孕24~28周进行糖耐量筛查时诊断为GDM的142人为病例组,并在同一时期队列中未发生GDM的孕妇按照1:1比例,按其怀孕年龄、孕前体重和身高进行配对选取142人为对照组。采用多频生物电阻抗技术分析两组妇女在孕22~24周时的人体成分,比较两组间的体重(body weight,BW)、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、去脂体质(free fat mass,FFM)、肌肉重(muscular mass,MM)、体脂(fat mass,FM)、体脂百分比(fat mass percentage,FMP)、总体水分(total body water,TBW)、细胞外水(extracellular water,ECW)和细胞内水(intracellular water,ICW)等指标的差异。结果孕中期GDM患者的BW、BMI、FM、FMP、TBW和ECW均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而FFM、MM和ICW与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 GDM孕中期的体脂储备和细胞外水显著高于正常孕妇,而肌肉储备与正常孕妇无差异。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of maternal components in the second trimester of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A nested case-control study was conducted. The subjects were all from the multicentre cohort study from May 20, 2012 to December 31, 2013. All patients were enrolled in this study. Patients with GDM 142 human cases, and in the same period the cohort did not occur in GDM pregnant women in accordance with the ratio of 1: 1, according to their age of pregnancy, pre-pregnancy weight and height matching 142 were selected as the control group. Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance technique was used to analyze the body composition of the two groups of women at 22-24 weeks of gestation. The body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), free fat mass (FFM), muscular mass (MM), fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FMP), total body water (TBW), extracellular water, ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) and other indicators of the difference. Results BW, BMI, FM, FMP, TBW and ECW in the second trimester GDM patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). However, FFM, MM and ICW were not significantly different from those in the control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion Body fat and extracellular water of GDM during the second trimester were significantly higher than those of normal pregnant women, but there was no difference between muscle reserve and normal pregnant women.