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目的探讨影响高职大学生焦虑的相关因素。方法采用状态焦虑量表、中国大学生心理应激量表、一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表和简易应对方式量表对763名高职大学生进行测查。结果男、女生状态焦虑平均分为(41.62±7.84)和(41.44±7.60)分,分别高于国内一般人群常模大,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.95,t=7.24,P<0.01);压力源平均分(86.44±59.93)分高于大学生常模,差异有统计学意义(t=9.87,P<0.01);男、女生自我效能感平均分为(2.67±0.44)和(2.52±0.42)分,与普通大学生常模比较,差异均无统计学意义;高职生积极应对平均分(1.98±0.45)明显高于消极应对平均分(1.23±0.48)分(t=37.81,P<0.01);领悟社会支持总分(63.74±9.45)分高于理论中值48分;焦虑与学习、生活、发展、家庭方面的压力呈正相关(r=0.104、0.133、0.111、0.108,P<0.05);与自我效能感、积极应对、领悟社会支持呈负相关(r=-0.337、-0.326、-0.220,P<0.01);自我效能感、应对方式和社会支持对焦虑程度有较强的预测作用。结论压力事件是焦虑的重要相关因素,而自我效能感、积极应对和社会支持等因素能帮助高职生缓解心理压力、减轻焦虑。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of anxiety in higher vocational college students. Methods A total of 763 vocational college students were tested with the State Anxiety Scale, Chinese College Students’ Psychological Stress Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Simple Coping Style Scale. Results The state anxiety of boys and girls were divided into (41.62 ± 7.84) and (41.44 ± 7.60) points, respectively, which were higher than those of the general population in China. The differences were statistically significant (t = 3.95, t = 7.24, ). The average score of stressors (86.44 ± 59.93) was higher than that of normal students (t = 9.87, P <0.01). The average self-efficacy of male and female students were (2.67 ± 0.44) and ± 0.42), which was not significantly different from that of normal college students. The average score of positive coping in higher vocational school (1.98 ± 0.45) was significantly higher than that of negative coping (1.23 ± 0.48) (t = 37.81, P <0.01). The score of perceived social support (63.74 ± 9.45) was higher than the theoretical median of 48 points. There was a positive correlation between anxiety and learning, living, development and family stress (r = 0.104,0.133,0.111,0.108, P < (R = -0.337, -0.326, -0.220, P <0.01); self-efficacy, coping style and social support had a strong anxiety degree Predict effect. Conclusions Stressful events are important related factors of anxiety. Factors such as self-efficacy, active coping and social support can help higher vocational students relieve psychological stress and reduce anxiety.