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环境资源的公共物品属性和畜禽养殖污染及其控制的显著外部性特征,使得政府成为控制畜禽养殖污染最基本也是最重要的主体。政府通过运用强制命令型和经济激励型政策工具,激励或约束畜禽养殖主体的环境行为,达到控制畜禽养殖污染和保护生态环境的目的。但政府本身也不是万能的,在环境领域,受环境决策失误与环境管理失灵两方面的影响,政府在环境监管上也存在失灵。因此,不仅要依靠有效的环境制度和有力地环境执法,还要对现有政府的业绩标准等进行修正,以解决决策失误、市场机制存在外部性等问题。
The public goods attributes of environmental resources and the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding as well as the significant externalities of their control make the government the most basic and important subject for controlling livestock and poultry breeding pollution. The government encourages or restrain the environmental behaviors of the main livestock and poultry producers through the use of mandatory order-type and economic incentive policies and tools to control the pollution of livestock and poultry and protect the ecological environment. However, the government itself is not a panacea. In the field of environment, due to environmental decision-making mistakes and environmental management failures, the government also has its own environmental regulatory failures. Therefore, we must not only rely on an effective environmental system and vigorous enforcement of the environment, but also revise existing government performance standards and so on to solve the problems of policy-making mistakes and externalities in the market mechanism.