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河北板栗的种仁斑点问题,主要是由多种真菌侵染所致的传染性病害问题。主要病源共四属六种,其中五种为国内栗果病原的新记录。主要病害是炭疽菌所致的炭疽病,链格孢所致的黑斑病,镰刀菌所致的褐腐病及青霉菌所致的青霉病。在河北板栗上,这些病害的主要特点是栗果外观无异常而在栗仁上产生各种各样的坏死性斑点。栗果采收前即可发现病粒,但为数很少;采收后病粒逐渐增加,在常温下15—25天病粒百分率增加最快。影响病粒百分率高低的主要因素有三,即贮运期温度、栗仁的失水程度及虫害栗瘤蜂发生的轻重。此外,树龄、树势、立地条件、栗果成熟度及机械伤等因素也有一定的影响。在目前条件下,以加强栗树管理,提高抗病性为中心的栽培管理措施,以减少经营环节,加快收购运输为中心的经营管理措施和以地水降温、冷藏为中心的贮运措施等是控制发病,提高外销板栗质量的关键。
Hebei chestnut seed kernel spot problem, mainly caused by a variety of fungal infections of infectious diseases. The main source of a total of four genus six species, five of which are the new records of the domestic chestnut pathogen. The main diseases are anthrax anthrax caused by Alternaria alternata black spot disease, brown rot caused by Fusarium and penicillium caused by penicillium. The main characteristic of these diseases on chestnut in Hebei is that the appearance of chestnut is normal and produces a variety of necrotic spots on the chestnut kernel. The chestnut fruit can be found before harvest, but the number is small. The grain size gradually increases after harvest, and the percentage of the grain increases fastest at 15-25 days at room temperature. There are three main factors that affect the percentage of particles, that is, the temperature during storage and storage, the degree of water loss of chestnuts and the severity of the occurrence of insect pests. In addition, tree age, tree vigor, site conditions, chestnut maturity and mechanical injury and other factors also have a certain impact. Under the current conditions, cultivation and management measures focusing on the management of chestnut trees and improvement of disease resistance, management measures focusing on reducing business links, accelerating the acquisition and transportation, and storage and transportation measures focusing on water cooling and cold storage Is to control the disease, improve the quality of export chestnut key.