马克思关于艺术是一种特殊的意识形态的命题,内容十分丰富,它内在地包含着一种新的艺术分类思想,以有别于19世纪西方流行的“美的艺术”、“优美的艺术”之类的概念,又科学地表述了艺术作为一种意识形态形式的社会本质和特征,并对艺术的社会学、心理学、本体论、反映论、生产论和发展论等作了原则性的规定。这是马克思的一个基本文艺观念,是马克思主义美学、艺术学、文艺学等的理论基础,具有重要的方法论意义。 近年来,我国文艺学界伴随着改革大潮,先后在文艺作为上层建筑和意识形态的讨论中,在马克思主义文艺学教材改革的探索中,都曾这样那样地涉及这个问题。在这些探讨中,一方面思想相当活跃,把问题的讨论引向深入;另一方面,又提出了一些值得探讨和商榷的看法。同时,我们还应看到,在资产阶级自由化思潮的冲击下,有人信口雌黄、恣意诋毁马克思主义文艺理论的这一基本原理,说什么总是有人“喜欢无条件地把唯物史观硬套在文艺学的脖子上”,“把文艺界定为社会意识形态”,并说这是“庸俗社会学对文艺学的霸道”。另外,从整体上否定文艺的意识形态性和阶级性,把非意识形态化作为社会主义文艺发展的方向,不仅在理论上是片面的,而且也在实践中产生了多方面的相当严重的消极影响。 为了批判文艺学上的资产阶 Marx’s proposition on art is a special kind of ideology, which is very rich in content. It inherently contains a new idea of ​​artistic classification, which distinguishes itself from the “beautiful art” and “beautiful art” popularized by the West in the 19th century Class concept, and scientifically expresses the social nature and characteristics of art as an ideological form. It also provides the principle rules for the sociology of arts, psychology, ontology, reflection theory, production theory and development theory. This is a Marxist concept of basic literature and art and is the theoretical basis of Marxist aesthetics, art studies and literature and art, which has important methodological significance. In recent years, along with the tide of reform in our country’s literary and art circles, we have dealt with the issue one after another in the discussion of literature and art as the superstructure and ideology, in the exploration of the reform of Marxist literature and art teaching materials. In these discussions, on the one hand, the thought is quite active, which leads the discussion of the issue deeper; on the other hand, some opinions that are worth discussing and discussing are put forward. At the same time, we should also see that under the impact of the trend of bourgeois liberalization, some people have always believed in this principle and vilified this fundamental principle of Marxist theory of literature and art arbitrarily. They said that there are always people who “like to unconditionally put the historical materialism in a literary Neck of learning, ”“ defining literature and art as a social ideology, ”and saying that this is“ overbearing sociology of vulgar sociology. ” In addition, denying the literary ideology and class as a whole and taking the non-ideological as the direction of socialist literary and artistic development are not only one-sided in theory, but also have quite serious negative effects in practice in many aspects . In order to criticize the literary class of assets