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在生物进化的早期，生物体已建立起对昼夜节律变化以及不可预见的随机应激刺激同时产生适应性行为和生理反应的能力，这些昼夜节律及应激相关的反应是通过两个高度保守且密切相关的调控网络-生物钟系统和应激系统来完成的，生物钟系统由震荡分子起搏器，Clock／Bmal1生物钟转录因子构成，应激系统由下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴及其末端效应物糖皮质激素受体构成。两者在不同的信号水平上相互联系，任意一个系统出现调节异常均会导致病理情况的发生发展。“,”Organisms have developed concurrent behavioral and physiological adaptations to the strong influence of day/night cycles, as well as to unforeseen, random stress stimuli.These circadian and stress-related responses are achieved by two highly conserved and interrelated regulatory networks,the circadian clock and stress systems, which respectively consist of oscillating molecular pacemakers,the Clock/Bmal1 transcription factors, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its end-effector, the glucocorticoid receptor.These systems communicate with each other at different signaling levels,and dysregulation of either system may lead to development of pathologic conditions.