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一、目前状况与欧共体的政策 根据苛兰海运经济研究中心的调查研究,在1990年欧洲100亿吨货运量中各种运输方式所占的比重是:公路78％,海运12％,铁路6％,内河4％。欧共体(EC)最近的统计资料也表明:欧洲在1970～1990年期间所增加的货运量,按吨公里即货运周转量计算,有50％是来自于公路运输的发展,其他几种运输方式的比重不是下降就是停滞不前。 新近发表的研究报告——《巨变中的欧洲运输业》明确指出:公路运输的拥塞状况威胁着欧洲货物的高效流通。事实上西欧的公路运输早已达到了饱和状态,这是尽人皆知的。基于这种情况,欧共体提出了把公路货运量向铁
I. CURRENT SITUATION AND ECOLOGICAL POLICIES According to a survey conducted by the Capeland Maritime Economic Research Center, among the 10 billion tons of freight in Europe in 1990, the proportions of various modes of transport are: 78% of highways, 12% of maritime transport, railways 6%, inland river 4%. Recent statistics from the European Community (EC) also show that the increase of freight traffic in Europe during the period of 1970-1990 is calculated as tonne-kilometers of freight traffic, with 50% coming from the development of road transport. Several other modes of transport The proportion is not falling is stagnant. A recently published study, “The Changing European Transport Industry,” clearly states that the congestion in road transport threatens the efficient flow of goods from Europe. In fact, the road transport in Western Europe has reached its saturation level, which is well known. Based on this situation, the European Community has proposed to shift the volume of road freight to the railways