重点知识园地

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  Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
  重点词汇
  1. anyone/anybody pron. 任何人
  I didn’t know anyone/anybody at the party.
  聚会上的人我一个都不认识。
  someone/somebody pron. 某人,有人
  no one/nobody pron. 没有人,无人
  everyone/everybody pron. 每人,人人
  2. anywhere adv. 在任何地方
  I can’t find my keys anywhere.
  我哪儿都找不到我的钥匙。
  somewhere adv. 某处,在某处
  nowhere adv. 任何地方都不,无处
  everywhere adv. 到处,处处,无论什么地方
  3. something pron. 某事;某物
  nothing pron. 没有什么;没有一件东西
  I have something to tell you.
  我有些事情要告诉你。
  There is nothing in the desk.
  书桌里什么都没有。
  anything pron. 任何事物,任何东西
  everything pron. 每件事物;所有事物
  4. myself pron. 我自己;我本人
  yourself pron. 你自己;您自己
  I’ll do it myself.
  我自己来做。
  You’re always talking about yourself!
  你总是在谈论自己!
  himself pron. 他自己;他亲自,他本人
  herself pron. 她自己;她亲自,她本人
  itself pron. 它自己,它本身
  ourselves pron. 我们自己
  yourselves pron. 你们自己
  themselves pron. 他/她/它们自己
  5. seem v. 好像;似乎;看来
  It seems to me that we have no choice.
  在我看来我们好像没有选择的余地。
  6. decide v. 决定;选定
  We decided to invite Tom.
  我们决定邀请汤姆。
  1) decide on sth 就……做出决定,决定要
  2) make a decision (to do sth) 做出决定(去做某事)
  7. try v. & n. 尝试;设法;努力
  I’ll try my best to help you.
  我会尽力帮助你。
  1) try to do/not to do 尽力去做/不做
  2) try doing 尝试做
  8. wonder v. 想知道;琢磨
  n. 奇迹;奇观
  I wonder what the new teacher will be like.
  我想知道新老师会是什么样子。
  wonderful adj. 精彩的,绝妙的;非常好的
  It’s wonderful to see you again.
  再次见到你太好了。
  have a wonderful/good/great/nice time 玩得开心
  9. difference n. 差别,差异
  What’s the difference between this computer and that one?
  这台电脑和那台的差别是什么?
  10. enough adj. & adv. 足够的(地);充足的(地);充
  分的(地)
  He has enough money to buy a computer.
  他有足够的钱买电脑。
  11. dislike v. & n. 不喜爱(的事物);厌恶(的事物)
  I dislike being away from my family.
  我不喜欢和家人分开。
  常用短语及搭配
  1. go on vacation 去度假
  2. stay at home 待在家里
  3. go to the mountains 去山里
  4. go out with sb 和某人外出
  5. take a photo/take photos 拍照
  6. quite a few 相当多
  7. most of the time 大多数时间
  8. have a good time (doing sth) 玩得开心
  enjoy oneself 玩得开心
  have fun (doing sth) 玩得开心
  9. buy sth for sb = buy sb sth 为某人买某物   10. feel like 给……的感觉;感受到
  11. feel like sth/doing sth 想要某物/做某事
  want to do sth 想要做某事
  would like to do sth 想要做某事
  12. in the country/in the countryside 在乡下
  13. too many 太多……(修饰可数名词)
  too much 太多……(修饰不可数名词)
  much too 太……(修饰形容词或副词)
  14. forget to do sth 忘了要做某事(还未做)
  forget doing sth 忘了做过某事(已做)
  stop to do sth 停止一事去做另一事
  stop doing sth 停止正在做的事
  remember to do sth 记着要做某事(还未做)
  remember doing sth 记得做过某事(已做)
  go on to do sth 继续去做另一事
  go on doing sth 继续做原来的事
  15. because of 因为
  16. along the way 沿路
  on the way (to) 在去……的路上
  17. because of/thanks to 因为,由于
  18. dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事
  like to do sth/like doing sth 喜欢做某事
  19. find sb do sth 发现某人经常做/做过某事
  find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
  20. jump up and down 跳上跳下
  重要句型
  1. — Where did you go on vacation?
  — 你去哪里度的假?
  — I went to New York City.
  — 我去了纽约城。
  2. No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
  没有人在这儿。人人都在度假。
  3. It was so exciting!
  那是如此的激动人心啊!
  4. I wonder what life was like here in the past.
  我想知道过去这儿的生活是什么样的。
  基本语法
  一、复合不定代词的用法
  【教材例句】
  1. — Did you meet anyone interesting?
  — Yes, I did.
  2. — Did you go out with anyone?
  — No, no one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
  3. — Did you buy anything special?
  — No, I bought nothing.
  4. — Did everyone have a good time?
  — Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.
  以上例句中anyone, no one, everyone, anything, nothing, everything均为复合不定代词。
  【语法详解】
  1. 构成:
  由some, any, no, every加上-thing, -one, -body所构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。
  原词 -thing -one -body
  some something someone somebody
  any anything anyone anybody
  no nothing no one nobody
  every everything everyone everybody
  2. 用法:
  (1) 复合不定代词在句子中常作主语、宾语和表语,但不能作定语。somebody,someone,something通常用于肯定句中,但在表示征求意见并希望得到对方的肯定回答时可以用于疑问句中;anybody,anyone,anything通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
  There is someone in the room.
  — Would you like something to drink?
  — Yes, please.
  He didn’t eat anything this morning.
  (2) 复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
  Everyone in our class likes English.
  I’m new here. Nobody knows me.
  (3) 形容词或动词不定式修饰复合不定代词时,要放在复合不定代词之后。
  I have something important to tell you.
  There is something wrong with my computer.   二、一般过去时的动词变化
  【教材例句】
  1. She went to the mountains.
  2. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.
  3. We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs.
  【语法详解】
  1. 规则变化:
  一般的动词 直接加-ed talk—talked 注:清辅音后读/t/;浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在辅音/t/和/d/后读/id/
  以不发音的字母e结尾的规则动词 加-d like—liked
  love—loved
  以辅音字母
  加y结尾的动词 变y为i再加-ed study—studied
  以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写末尾字母再加-ed stop—stopped
  2. 不规则变化需要强化记忆。
  Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
  重点词汇
  1. housework n. 家务劳动;家务事
  I have to do housework on Sunday.
  星期天我不得不做家务。
  2. hardly adv. 几乎不;几乎没有
  Hardly anyone slept that night.
  那天晚上几乎没人睡觉。
  hardly ever 几乎从不
  My mother hardly ever eats junk food.
  我妈妈几乎从不吃垃圾食品。
  3. once adv. 一次;曾经
  twice adv. 两次;两倍
  She goes to the park once a week.
  她每周去公园一次。
  They go to the movies twice a month.
  他们每个月去看两次电影。
  three times 三次;三倍
  4. maybe adv. 大概;或许;可能
  Maybe you are right.
  或许你是对的。
  5. health n. 健康;人的身体(或精神)状态
  Fresh fruit is good for your health.
  新鲜水果对你的健康有好处。
  6. percent n. (=per cent) 百分之……
  Fifty percent of the students in our school have cellphones.
  我们学校50%的学生拥有手机。
  7. although conj. 虽然;尽管;即使
  Although he was tired, he still went on working.
  尽管他很疲惫,他仍继续工作。
  8. through prep. 以;凭借;穿过
  We drove through the center of London.
  我们开车从伦敦市中心穿过。
  9. mind n. 头脑;心智
  Not everyone has the right sort of mind for this work.
  并非每个人的头脑都适合做这个工作。
  mind v. 介意
  Would you mind opening the door?
  你介意打开门吗?
  10. such adj. & pron. 这样的;那样的;类似的
  I don’t believe in ghosts. There is no such thing.
  我不相信鬼。根本没有这样的事。
  11. die v. 消失;灭亡;死亡
  His grandmother died when he was five years old.
  他奶奶在他五岁的时候去世了。
  dead adj. 死去的
  death n. 死亡
  12. however adv. 然而;不过
  Tom is a good student. However, he also has some bad habits.
  汤姆是个好学生,然而,他也有些不良习惯。
  常用短语及搭配
  1. do one’s housework 做家务
  2. help (sb) with sth 帮助(某人)做某事
  help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
  with one’s help = with the help of 在某人的帮助下
  3. once a week 一周一次
  once ten years 十年一次
  twice a month 一月两次
  4. hardly ever 几乎从不
  5. how often 每隔多久
  how long 多久
  how soon 过多久   how far 多远
  how many/much 多少
  how old 多大(年龄)
  6. use the Internet 使用互联网
  on the Internet 在互联网
  7. be free 有空
  be busy 繁忙
  be busy with sth 忙于某事
  be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
  8. stay up late 熬夜
  9. go to bed early 早睡
  10. keep/stay healthy 保持健康
  11. at least 至少;不少于;起码
  12. be good for 对……有益
  be good with sb 擅长与某人相处/打交道
  be good at sth/doing sth 擅长(做)……
  13. go camping/swimming/skating/fishing/boating/hiking/
  shopping/sightseeing
  去野营/去游泳/去溜冰/去钓鱼/去划船/去远足/
  去购物/去观光
  14. in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间
  15. not... at all 一点也不
  16. be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
  17. such as 例如
  18. spend time with sb 和某人一起休闲
  spend... on sth 花……在某物/某方面上
  spend... (in) doing sth 花……做某事
  19. mind/enjoy/finish/practice doing sth
  介意做某事/喜欢做某事/做完某事/练习做某事
  20. old habits die hard 积习难改
  21. go to the dentist 去看牙医
  22. have a lot of good/bad habits 有很多好/坏习惯
  have a habit of 有……的习惯
  start a habit of 养成……的习惯
  23. more/less than 比……多/少
  重要句型
  1. What do you usually do on weekends?
  — 周末你通常做什么?
  — I always exercise.
  — 我总是锻炼。
  2. — How often do you go to the movies?
  — 你每隔多久去看电影?
  — I go to the movies maybe once a month.
  — 我大概每个月去看一次电影。
  基本语法
  频度副词及对频率提问
  【教材例句】
  1. He usually watches TV.
  2. I watch TV every day.
  3. They always go to bed early.
  4. She sometimes goes shopping.
  5. He hardly ever watches TV.
  6. He never goes shopping.
  【语法详解】
  1. 表示次数或频率的副词称为频度副词,按照其频率发生的高低排序通常依次为:
  always > usually > often > sometimes > hardly ever > never
  2. 通常表示一次用once,两次用twice,三次或三次以上用“基数词 + times”。
  3. 对频率提问用how often,表示“每隔多久”。
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