ＳＡＲ原始回波信号的相关性较差，因此基于数据相关性的传统压缩方法对星载ＳＡＲ回波信号的数据压缩不再实用。主要研究了块浮点量化（ＢｌｏｃｋＦｌｏａｔｉｎｇＰｏｉｎｔＱｕａｎｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ＢＦＰＱ）算法的基本理论及其在星载ＳＡＲ回波信号压缩中的应用。采用ＢＦＰＱ算法对ＥＲＳ１回波数据和仿真回波数据进行了压缩并与均匀量化方法进行了比较，实验结果验证了其性能的优越性。 SAR raw echo signals are poorly correlated, so data compression based on data correlation is no longer practical for spaceborne SAR echo signals. The basic theory of Block Floating Point Quantization (BFPQ) algorithm and its application in the compression of satellite SAR echo signals are mainly studied. The BFPQ algorithm was used to compress the ERS1 echo data and the simulated echo data, and compared with the uniform quantization method. The experimental results verify the superiority of the performance.