It is known that the wintertime North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is an important extratropical forcing for the occurrence of an El Ni-o-Southern Oscillation (ENS
This study examines pre-industrial control simulations from CMIP5 climate models in an effort to better understand thecomplex relationships between Arctic sea i
We identify that the projected uncertainty of the pan-Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC) is strongly coupled with theEurasian circulation in the boreal winter (Dec
In contrast to previous studies that have tended to focus on the influence of the total Arctic sea-ice cover on the EastAsian summer tripole rainfall pattern, t
The influence of the Arctic atmosphere on Northern Hemisphere midlatitude tropospheric weather and climate is exploredby comparing the skill of two sets of 14-d