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目的:探讨贵州省黔南州3～6岁苗族和布依族儿童神经行为发育状况及其影响因素,并比较两民族危险因素和临床资料的差异,为早期干预提供依据。方法:2012年1月-2012年8月共收集689名儿童作为研究对象,按民族分为苗族组(328名)和布依族组(361名),分别进行问卷调查,采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表进行检查及神经行为发育评分,并对影响神经行为发育的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:①两民族智商发育检查结果比较:苗族组328人,正常319人(97.25%),临界5人(1.52%),低下4人(1.22%);布依族组361人,正常358人(99.17%),临界2人(0.55%),低下1人(0.28%),两民族智商发育情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.67,P﹤0.01)。②两民族儿童神经行为发育影响因素比较:苗族组在父母吸烟、父母亲文化程度、父母饮酒、喜欢食鱼类食物、毒物接触史等方面与布依族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③两民族儿童智商水平比较:苗族组3岁、4岁及5岁儿童操作智商(PIQ)和全量表智商(FIQ)与布依族组同年龄段比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。而苗族组6岁儿童PIQ和FIQ分别与布依族组6岁儿童比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。④两民族儿童神经行为发育得分比较:苗族组3岁和4岁神经行为发育总分、行为能力、被动肌张力分别与布依族组同年龄段比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论:黔南州苗族与布依族3～6岁儿童神经行为发育有一定的差别,其影响因素为父母文化程度、父母吸烟、父母饮酒、喜欢食鱼类食物、毒物接触史等与神经行为发育有关。
Objective: To investigate the neurobehavioral development and its influencing factors of Miao and Buyi children aged 3 ~ 6 years in Qiannan Prefecture of Guizhou Province and to compare the differences of risk factors and clinical data between the two ethnic groups so as to provide basis for early intervention. Methods: A total of 689 children were collected from January 2012 to August 2012. The subjects were divided into Miao (328) and Buyi (361) ethnic groups by questionnaire. Scale examination and neurobehavioral development score, and related factors that affect neurobehavioral development Logistic multiple regression analysis. Results: (1) Compared with the result of IQ test in two ethnic groups, there are 328 persons in Miao nationality group, 319 normal persons (97.25%), 5 critical persons (1.52%) and 4 low persons (1.22%) in Miao minority group, 361 persons in Buyi group and 358 normal persons 99.17%), critical 2 (0.55%) and low one (0.28%). There was a significant difference in IQ between the two ethnic groups (χ2 = 3.67, P <0.01). ②Comparison of influencing factors of neurobehavioral development between the two ethnic groups: Miao group had significant difference compared with Buyi group in terms of parental smoking, parental education, parental drinking, food-eating fish, and exposure history of poisonous animals (P < 0.01). (3) Comparison of IQ of children from two ethnic groups: The PIQ and FIQ of the 3, 4 and 5 year old children in the Miao ethnic group were significantly different from those in the same age group (P <0.01) ). However, there was no significant difference in PIQ and FIQ in 6-year-old children in Miao group and 6-year-old children in Buyi group (P> 0.05). (4) Comparison of neurobehavioral development scores of children of two ethnic groups: The neurobehavioral development score, behavioral abilities and passive muscle tension at 3 years old and 4 years old in Miao group were respectively compared with those in Buyi group (P <0.01) . Conclusion: There is a certain difference in neurobehavioral development between Mian and Buyi ethnic groups aged 3 ~ 6 in Qiannan Prefecture. The influencing factors are the degree of parental education, parental smoking, parental drinking, food like eating fish, contact history of poison and neurobehavioral development related.