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目的了解丹东市手足口病(HFMD)的流行病学特征和病原学型别及变化规律,为科学制定预防和控制策略提供依据。方法对2014—2016年中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统统计的丹东市HFMD病例进行流行病学分析、对送检的咽拭子和粪便标本采用实时荧光RT-PCR法进行肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Cox A16)及其他肠道病毒的核酸检测。结果病原学检测结果显示,2014年检测标本202份,阳性标本49份,阳性率24.26%;病原优势株为CoxA16型,占55.10%。2015年检测标本359份,阳性标本182份,阳性率50.70%;病原优势株为其他肠道病毒,占84.62%。2016年检测标本439份,阳性标本201份,阳性率45.79%;病原优势株为CoxA16型,占72.14%。流行病学监测结果显示,2014年报告HFMD病例224例,发病率9.23/10万;2015年报告HFMD病例1 146例,发病率47.24/10万;2016年共报告HFMD病例956例,发病率39.20/10万。发病时间高峰在6—9月;儿童发病占20.64%。结论丹东市HFMD发病率呈逐年上升趋势,病原的流行株以CoxA16和其他肠道病毒为主,呈交替流行态势。因此,继续加强HFMD健康知识教育、宣传和病例及病原学监测工作对于HFMD的科学防控具有重要意义。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics, etiological types and changes of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Dandong City, and to provide evidence for the scientific development of prevention and control strategies. Methods The epidemiological analysis of HFMD cases in Dandong City from 2014 to 2016 was conducted. The throat swabs and stool samples were tested for the presence of enterovirus 71 (EV71 ), Cox A16 and other enteric viruses. Results The results of pathogen test showed that 202 samples were detected in 2014 and 49 samples were positive, the positive rate was 24.26%. The predominant pathogen was CoxA16 type, accounting for 55.10%. In 2015, 359 samples were detected and 182 samples were positive, the positive rate was 50.70%. The predominant strains were other enteroviruses, accounting for 84.62%. In 2016, 439 specimens were detected and 201 specimens were positive, the positive rate was 45.79%. The dominant pathogen was CoxA16 type, accounting for 72.14%. Epidemiological surveillance results showed 224 cases of HFMD were reported in 2014, with an incidence rate of 9.23 / 100 000; in 2014, 1 146 cases of HFMD were reported, with an incidence rate of 47.24 / 100 000; a total of 956 HFMD cases were reported in 2016 with a prevalence of 39.20 /100,000. The peak time of onset was in June-September; the incidence of children accounted for 20.64%. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Dandong City has been increasing year by year. The predominant strains of pathogens are CoxA16 and other enteroviruses, showing an alternate epidemic trend. Therefore, continuing to strengthen HFMD’s health knowledge education, advocacy and surveillance of cases and pathogens is of great significance to the scientific prevention and control of HFMD.