小儿惊厥是小儿(特别是婴幼儿)常见的危急症状之一。发生率要比成人多10～15倍,是由多种病因引起的中枢神经系统功能暂时性紊乱的一种症状,常因缺氧而致不可逆脑损伤。因此应予高度重视,积极预防和治疗。一、病理生理:惊厥的病理生理基础,是大脑皮层神经元的异常放电,凡能引起脑细胞功能紊乱的疾病均可以引起惊厥。(一)神经细胞炎性病变及变性:当中枢神经系统感染时,由于炎症性损伤,造成脑实质神经细胞的变性、坏死、退化,胶质细胞增生,炎性细胞浸润、充血、水肿以及形成软化灶,均影响神经细胞的通透性,发生脑细胞的功能紊乱、导致神经元异常放电 Pediatric convulsions are one of the most common critical symptoms in children (especially infants and toddlers). The incidence of 10 to 15 times more than adults, is caused by a variety of causes of central nervous system disorders, a temporary disorder, often due to hypoxia caused by irreversible brain injury. Therefore, we should attach great importance to active prevention and treatment. First, the pathophysiology: the basis of the pathophysiology of convulsions is an abnormal discharge of neurons in the cerebral cortex, where disorders that cause brain cell dysfunction can cause convulsions. (A) of inflammatory cell neuritis and degeneration: When the central nervous system infection, due to inflammatory injury, resulting in degeneration, necrosis, degeneration of brain parenchymal cells, glial cell proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, edema and formation Softening stove, all affect the permeability of nerve cells, brain dysfunction occurs, leading to abnormal discharge of neurons