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目的通过对新疆兵团参加营养改善计划义务教育小学生的身体发育状况分析,探讨影响其成长发育的因素,提出营养干预合理改进意见,促进本地区小学生健康。方法整群抽样获得研究对象,记录其基本信息并测量身高体重,将数据录入Excel软件,计算相应体质指数(BMI)并与2010年全国学生体质调研资料进行比较评价,数据分析采用SPSS 21.0进行。结果调查总人数4 507人,超重肥胖检出率男生高于女生(P<0.001);6岁组和7岁组超重肥胖检出率最高(P<0.001);不同学年比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。消瘦检出率男生高于女生(P=0.003);12岁组最高(P=0.015);2014-2015学年最高(P<0.001)。生长迟滞检出率男女生差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);13岁组最高(P<0.001);2012-2013学年最高(P<0.001)。结论新疆兵团农村地区义务教育学生营养不均衡严重,男生较女生更易出现超重肥胖及营养不良,应作为重点关注对象,超重肥胖更易发生在低年龄组,而营养不良易发生在高年龄组。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the physical development of compulsory primary school students participating in nutrition improvement programs in Xinjiang Corps and discuss the factors that affect the growth and development of Xinjiang Parents Corps. Propose the suggestions of nutrition intervention to improve the health of primary school students. Methods The subjects were collected by cluster sampling, the basic information was recorded and the height and weight were measured. The data were entered into Excel software to calculate the corresponding body mass index (BMI). The data were compared with the data of 2010 National Student Physical Survey. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results The total number of the investigated population was 4 507, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in boys than in girls (P <0.001), while the prevalence of overweight and obesity was the highest in groups 6 and 7 (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between different school years Significance (P> 0.05). The prevalence of weight loss was higher in boys than girls (P = 0.003); the highest in 12 years (P = 0.015); the highest in 2014-2015 (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of growth retardation between male and female students (P> 0.05); the highest was in 13-year-old group (P <0.001); the highest in 2012-2013 school year (P <0.001). Conclusion Compulsory education students in rural areas of Xinjiang Corps are not well balanced in nutrition. Male students are more likely to be overweight and malnourished than girls, and should be the focus of attention. Overweight and obesity is more likely to occur in lower age groups and malnutrition is more likely to occur in older age groups.