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铁路车辆底架和车体的大多数纵向承载构件(中梁的侧梁、客车地板铺板Z形边梁、货车纵梁)都用对焊制成。纵向构件之所以采用对焊是为了保证车辆所需的长度,也有是由于结构特点所致,如中梁就是由加重型和轻型侧梁所组成的。图1a是客车底架中梁纵向侧梁的对焊接头,它是将轻型侧梁(中梁中部)与同一型号的加强侧梁(中梁两端)对接而成的。
Most longitudinal load-bearing members of the railway vehicle chassis and bodywork (the side sills of the center sills, the Z-shaped side sills of passenger car floorings, the longitudinal girders of the wagons) are manufactured by butt welding. The reason why the use of butt welding longitudinal members to ensure that the required length of the vehicle, but also due to structural characteristics caused, such as the beam is composed of heavier and lightweight side beams. Figure 1a is the butt welded joint of the longitudinal side beam of the mid-beam of the bus chassis, which is made by connecting the light-weight side beam (the middle beam) with the same type of reinforced side beam (both ends of the middle beam).